在Django中自定义filter并在template中的使用详解
(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/18 浏览：3 次 )
Django内置的filter有很多，然而我们由于业务逻辑的特殊要求，有时候仍然会不够用，这个时候就需要我们自定义filter来实现相应的内容。接下来让我们从自定义一个get_range(value)来产生列表的filter开始吧。
首先在你的django app的models.py的同级目录建立一个templatetags的文件夹，并在里面新建一个init.py的空文件，这个文件确保了这个文件夹被当做一个python的包。在添加了templatetags模块之后，我们需要重新启动服务器才能使其有效。
polls/
__init__.py
models.py
templatetags/
__init__.py
views.py
然后在templatetags中新建一个python文件，文件名就是以后需要加载到页面的自定义库的名字。在这里我们新建一个generalfilters.py文件。
polls/
__init__.py
models.py
templatetags/
__init__.py
generalfilters.py
views.py
为了让库生效，必须在文件里添加一个模块级别的register变量。它是template.Library的实例，确保了标签和过滤器的有效性。
编辑generalfilters.py，添加
from django import template register=template.Library() @register.filter def get_range(value): return range(value)
上述代码中定义了一个生成列表的函数，@register.filter表示这个函数是一个过滤器。至此我们的生成列表的过滤器就已经写好了。接下来我们需要把这个过滤器的库加载到模板里。
在你想要使用的模板的顶部加上{% load generalfilters %}，就可以使用这个过滤器了。
{% for i in 5|get_range_bet_within %}
{{i}}
{% endfor %}
运行结果
补充知识：Django 自定义筛选器：重写DateFieldListFilter
我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧！
class MyDateTimeFilter(admin.filters.DateFieldListFilter):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyDateTimeFilter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
now = timezone.now()
# When time zone support is enabled, convert "now" to the user's time
# zone so Django's definition of "Today" matches what the user expects.
if timezone.is_aware(now):
now = timezone.localtime(now)
filter_end_date = now.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
filter_start_date_for_one_week = filter_end_date - datetime.timedelta(days=7)
month_with_day31 = [1,3,5,7,8,10,12]
if filter_end_date.month in month_with_day31 and filter_end_date.day == 31 and filter_end_date.month != 3:
if filter_end_date.month == 1:
filter_start_date_for_one_month = filter_end_date.replace(year=filter_end_date.year-1, month=12)
else:
filter_start_date_for_one_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_end_date.month-1, day=30)
elif filter_end_date.month == 3 and filter_end_date.day in [29, 30, 31]:
if is_leap_year(filter_end_date.year):
filter_start_date_for_one_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_end_date.month-1, day=29)
else:
filter_start_date_for_one_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_end_date.month-1, day=28)
else:
if filter_end_date.month == 1:
filter_start_date_for_one_month = filter_end_date.replace(year=filter_end_date.year-1, month=12)
else:
filter_start_date_for_one_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_end_date.month-1)
filter_start_date_for_six_month = ''
filter_start_date_for_six_month_month = (filter_end_date.month - 6 + 12) % 12
if filter_start_date_for_six_month_month == 0:
filter_start_date_for_six_month_month = 12
if filter_start_date_for_six_month_month in month_with_day31:
if filter_end_date.month > 6:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month)
else:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(year=filter_end_date.year-1, month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month)
elif filter_start_date_for_six_month_month == 2:
if filter_end_date.day in [29, 30, 31]:
if is_leap_year(filter_end_date.year):
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month, day=29)
else:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month, day=28)
else:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month)
else:
if filter_end_date.day == 31 and filter_end_date.month >6:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month, day=30)
elif filter_end_date.day == 31 and filter_end_date.month <=6:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(year=filter_end_date.year-1, month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month, day=30)
elif filter_end_date.day <31 and filter_end_date.month >6:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month)
else:
filter_start_date_for_six_month = filter_end_date.replace(year=filter_end_date.year-1, month=filter_start_date_for_six_month_month)
filter_end_date = filter_end_date + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
self.links = ((
('------', {}),
('Past week', {
self.lookup_kwarg_since: str(filter_start_date_for_one_week),
self.lookup_kwarg_until: str(filter_end_date),
}),
('Past month', {
self.lookup_kwarg_since: str(filter_start_date_for_one_month),
self.lookup_kwarg_until: str(filter_end_date),
}),
('Past 6 months', {
self.lookup_kwarg_since: str(filter_start_date_for_six_month),
self.lookup_kwarg_until: str(filter_end_date),
}),
('All', {}),
))
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