python matplotlib画盒图、子图解决坐标轴标签重叠的问题
(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/19 浏览：3 次 )
在使用matplotlib画图的时候将常会出现坐标轴的标签太长而出现重叠的现象，本文主要通过自身测过好用的解决办法进行展示，希望也能帮到大家，原图出现重叠现象例如图1：
代码为：
data1=[[0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765],[0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765],[0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765],[0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765,0.3765]]
data2=[[0.2985,0.2268,0.2985,0.2996,0.2985],[0.2022,0.3203,0.3141,0.2926,0.2681],[0.2985,0.2668,0.2786,0.2985,0.2985],[0.2985,0.2985,0.2984,0.2978,0.2966]]
data3=[[0.7789,0.7698,0.6999,0.7789,0.7789],[0.7788,0.7758,0.7768,0.7698,0.8023],[0.7789,0.7781,0.7789,0.7789,0.7789],[0.7789,0.7782,0.7752,0.7852,0.7654]]
data4=[[0.6688,0.6688,0.6688,0.6981,0.6618],[0.6688,0.5644,0.5769,0.5858,0.5882],[0.6688,0.6688,0.6688,0.6688,0.6646],[0.6688,0.6646,0.6646,0.6688,0.6746]] #date1-date4均为我用到的数据，数据的形式等可自行更换。
##将4个图画在一张图上
fig=plt.figure(figsize=(13,11))
ax1=fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)##左右布局
ax2=fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 2)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 3)##上下布局
ax4=fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.sca(ax1)
labels=['Today is Sunday','Today is Monday','Today is Tuesday','Today is Wednesday']#标签
plt.boxplot(data1,labels=labels,boxprops={'linewidth':'2'},capprops={'linewidth':'2'},whiskerprops={'linewidth':'2'},medianprops={'linewidth':'2'}) #linewidth设置线条的粗细；boxprops、capprops、whiskerprops、medianprops表示盒图中各个线条的类型
plt.ylabel('Today',fontsize=16)
plt.xlabel('(a)',fontsize=16)
plt.sca(ax2)
labels=['Today is Sunday','Today is Monday','Today is Tuesday','Today is Wednesday']
plt.boxplot(data2,labels=labels,boxprops={'linewidth':'2'},capprops={'linewidth':'2'},whiskerprops={'linewidth':'2'},medianprops={'linewidth':'2'})
plt.xlabel('(b)',fontsize=16)
plt.sca(ax3)
labels=['Today is Sunday','Today is Monday','Today is Tuesday','Today is Wednesday']
plt.boxplot(data3,labels=labels,boxprops={'linewidth':'2'},capprops={'linewidth':'2'},whiskerprops={'linewidth':'2'},medianprops={'linewidth':'2'})
plt.ylabel('Today',fontsize=16)
plt.xlabel('(c)',fontsize=16)
plt.sca(ax4)
labels=['Today is Sunday','Today is Monday','Today is Tuesday','Today is Wednesday']
plt.boxplot(data4,labels=labels,boxprops={'linewidth':'2'},capprops={'linewidth':'2'},whiskerprops={'linewidth':'2'},medianprops={'linewidth':'2'})
plt.xlabel('(d)',fontsize=16)
plt.show()
1、解决办法1： 将轴标签分两行显示，如图2：
只需在原代码中每个子图画图中加上代码：
ax1.set_xticklabels(['Today is Sunday','\n'+'Today is Monday','Today is Tuesday','\n'+'Today is Wednesday'],fontsize=16)
'\n'+则表示换行显示的意思，想要哪个标签换行显示，则在标签前面加上此符号，也可以换多行，一个\n表示一行，例如'\n\n'+则表示换两行显示。fontsize是设置显示标签的字体大小。
2、解决办法2：轴标签倾斜显示
同样只需在原代码的基础上加上一句代码：
ax1.set_xticklabels(['Today is Sunday','Today is Monday','Today is Tuesday','Today is Wednesday'],fontsize=16,rotation=10)
rotation表示倾斜的角度，10即为倾斜10度，可任意设置，也可结合上面换行显示一同使用。
3、解决办法3：利用matplotlib里面的自动调整语句
只需在原代码的画图部分的最后加上matplotlib自动调整的语句,图则会自动调整标签大小：
plt.tight_layout()
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