MySQL字符集乱码及解决方案分享

mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name  | Value    |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8    |
| character_set_connection | utf8    |
| character_set_database | utf8    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary    |
| character_set_results | utf8    |
| character_set_server | utf8    |
| character_set_system | utf8    |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> insert into test.table10 values (1,'云中鹤');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select * from test.table10;
+------+-----------+
| id | names |
+------+-----------+
| 1 | 云中鹤 |
+------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> set names latin1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select * from test.table10;
+------+-------+
| id | names |
+------+-------+
| 1 | "color: #ff0000">乱码解决办法


从上面可以看出，set names latin1;改变了三个参数.. 只要做到客户端，MySQL character-set-client，table charset三个字符集完全一致就可以保证一定不会有乱码出现。


方式:


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 mysql> set names utf8;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


       2、登录mysql的时候指定默认字符集




 [root@node1 ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 --defaults-character-set=utf8 #-S 指定多实例mysql的套接字文件，
 使用--defaults-character-set 指定默认字符集。


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 vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n
 LANG='zh_CN.UTF-8' #如果my.cnf不指定，默认使用系统字符集


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  [client]
  default-character-set=latin1




  [mysql]
  default-character-set=latin1


"color: #ff0000">查看字符集


1、查看系统当前字符集设置，修改之后登陆mysql执行。show variables lile 'character_set%';




mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';#我修改的为utf8，所以客户端的三个参数都是utf8.你可以自行设置字符集。
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name   | Value       |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client  | utf8        |
| character_set_connection | utf8        |
| character_set_database | utf8        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary       |
| character_set_results | utf8        |
| character_set_server  | utf8        |
| character_set_system  | utf8        |
| character_sets_dir  | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |


2、mysql常用字符集。执行命令show character set; 查看系统支持字符集。




mysql> show character set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description     | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5  | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci  |  2 |
| dec8  | DEC West European   | dec8_swedish_ci  |  1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European   | cp850_general_ci |  1 |
| hp8  | HP West European   | hp8_english_ci  |  1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian  | koi8r_general_ci |  1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European  | latin1_swedish_ci |  1 | #常用
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci |  1 |
| swe7  | 7bit Swedish    | swe7_swedish_ci  |  1 |
| ascii | US ASCII     | ascii_general_ci |  1 |
| ujis  | EUC-JP Japanese    | ujis_japanese_ci |  3 |
| sjis  | Shift-JIS Japanese   | sjis_japanese_ci |  2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew   | hebrew_general_ci |  1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai     | tis620_thai_ci  |  1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean    | euckr_korean_ci  |  2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian   | koi8u_general_ci |  1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci |  2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek   | greek_general_ci |  1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci |  1 |
| gbk  | GBK Simplified Chinese  | gbk_chinese_ci  |  2 | #常用
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish   | latin5_turkish_ci |  1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian   | armscii8_general_ci |  1 |
| utf8  | UTF-8 Unicode    | utf8_general_ci  |  3 |#常用
| ucs2  | UCS-2 Unicode    | ucs2_general_ci  |  2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian     | cp866_general_ci |  1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci |  1 |
| macce | Mac Central European  | macce_general_ci |  1 |
| macroman | Mac West European   | macroman_general_ci |  1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European  | cp852_general_ci |  1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic   | latin7_general_ci |  1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode    | utf8mb4_general_ci |  4 | #常用
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic   | cp1251_general_ci |  1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode    | utf16_general_ci |  4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic    | cp1256_general_ci |  1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic    | cp1257_general_ci |  1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode    | utf32_general_ci |  4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset  | binary    |  1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian   | geostd8_general_ci |  1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci |  2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci |  3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)


字符集选择


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[mysqld]
...
character-set-server=utf8 #添加这条语句，可设置服务器端字符集。


mysql服务端重新启动后，这两个参数会改变为设定值。




| character_set_server  | utf8 
| character_set_database | utf8


切换字符集
将一种编码的数据库转换为另一种编码的数据。


alter database dbname character set xxx; #只能对以后的数据有效，对之前的数据无效。基本不使用


常用转换数据库字符集方案


mysqldump -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 --default-character-set=utf8 -d test > /data/test-`date +%F`.sql #1、导出表结构而不导出数据

vim /data/test-`date +%F`.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `table10`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client  = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `table10` (
 `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `names` char(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; #2、这里的CHARSET改为你想要修改的字符集

mysqldump -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 --extended-insert --no-create-info test > /data/test-data-`date +%F`.sql #3、导出数据内容

vim /data/test-data-`date +%F`.sql
LOCK TABLES `table10` WRITE;
set names utf8; #4、这一行是多加的，自己指定想要转换的字符集
INSERT INTO `table10` VALUES (1,'云中鹤');
UNLOCK TABLES;

mysql> create database if not exists test; #5、创建数据库，存储转换后的数据
Query OK, 1 row affected, 0 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 test < /data/test-`date +%F`.sql #6、导入表结构

mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 test < /data/test-data-2015-09-25.sql #7、导入表数据


最后


这是在15年的时候，自己学习MySQL的笔记，今天再拿出来分享下
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，谢谢大家对的支持。